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¹ Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü, Antalya Viewed : 1692 - Downloaded : 960 Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), is one of the most important vegetable species produced both in the world and in Turkey. Turkey is in third place in pepper production in the world. There are many viruses affecting and limiting pepper production. Potato Y virus (PVY), a member of the genus potyvirus, is one of the most common viruses infecting pepper crops. Improving resistant pepper varieties against the disease is more advantageous and easy way to control disease in production area. There are 4 races such as PVY0, PVY1 and PVY1-2 in the world. The dominant Pvr4 resistance gene in wild type SCM 334 pepper confers a complete resistance to the three pathotypes of potato virus. In this study, resistant genotype SCM 334 and susceptible long pepper inbred line were crossed to improve resistance in breeding lines. To eliminate the undesirable characteristics of the resistant genotypes, resistant line was backcrossed three times with susceptible genotypes. Mechanical inoculation and molecular methods were used to determine the reaction of backcross progenies to the disease. The dominant CAPS markers were used to determine resistant and susceptible plants and results from the mechanical inoculation method were verified with the CAPS marker. This study is a part of `Improvement of F1 Hybrid Vegetable Varieties and Qualified Lines in Turkey` basic project and financed by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-KAMAG 109G029). Keywords : Long type pepper, Pvr4 gene, CAPS marker, Mechanical inoculation